Lesson 17: Development of Diplomatic Career

Restoration of Legal Seats in the United Nations

The United Nations was founded in 1945 as an international organization composed of sovereign states. China was one of the founding members and one of the permanent members of the UN Security Council, and was represented by the Nationalist Government at that time. after the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, as the sole legitimate government representing China, it should have enjoyed a legal seat in the UN. However, under the manipulation of the United States and other countries, the United Nations excluded the People's Republic of China for a long time, and the Chiang Kai-shek clique still occupied China's seat in the United Nations. The People's Republic of China has made long-standing efforts to regain its legal seat, and has gained the support of more and more countries.

In October 1971, the 26th session of the UN General Assembly adopted a resolution restoring all the legal rights of the People's Republic of China in the UN and immediately expelling the representatives of the Kuomintang group from the UN and all its affiliated bodies. This was a major victory for Chinese diplomacy. China actively participated in international affairs and played an important role as one of the permanent members of the UN Security Council.

China-US and China-Japan Diplomatic Relations

After the founding of New China, the U.S. government was hostile to the new China and pursued a policy of embargo and siege against the new China. The two sides were hostile for more than 20 years.

As China's international status improved and the international situation changed, the early 1970s saw a turnaround in U.S.-China relations as a common demand of both countries.

In July 1971, President Nixon's Assistant for National Security Affairs Kissinger made a secret visit to China to hold talks with Premier Zhou Enlai, and in 1972, Nixon visited China. Mao Zedong met with Nixon, and Zhou Enlai held talks with Nixon. In 1979, the United States and China formally established diplomatic relations. The U.S. recognized that there was only one China, Taiwan was part of Chinese territory, and that the People's Republic of China was the only legitimate government of China.

In 1972, Japanese Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka visited China and diplomatic relations between China and Japan were formally established. Then, many countries established diplomatic relations with China, and there was a boom in establishing diplomatic relations with China.

Comprehensive Diplomacy

Since the reform and opening up, China has continued to pursue an independent and peaceful foreign policy, insisting on developing friendly and cooperative relations with other countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. China focuses on improving and developing good-neighborly relations with neighboring countries, strengthening political and economic cooperation with developing countries, striving for stable development of Sino-American and Sino-Japanese relations, gradually normalizing Sino-Soviet relations, and actively developing relations with EU countries.

China is actively developing global partnerships, upholding the concept of global governance based on mutual consultation, construction and sharing, responding to the trend of the times of peace, development, cooperation and win-win situation, actively participating in the reform and construction of the global governance system, and promoting the building of a community of human destiny. China actively expands multilateral diplomacy, strengthens cooperation with the United Nations, and works to resolve regional disputes, maintain world peace and establish a just and reasonable new world order. China has participated extensively in multilateral economic and social fields and played an active role in global issues such as environment, food, crime prevention, anti-drug, refugees and women. Chinese leaders have attended many informal meetings of the leaders of the Pacific Economic Cooperation (PECC), the Asia-Europe Summit, and the informal China-ASEAN summit to strengthen international cooperation.

Today, China has established diplomatic relations with more than 170 countries in the world and participates in the work of more than 100 international intergovernmental organizations. China's international status is constantly improving, and it has become a firm force in maintaining and promoting world peace, stability and development, playing an increasingly important role in international affairs.

（683words）