Lesson 6: Arduous Exploration and Construction Achievements

Twists and turns in exploration

In 1956, the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Beijing. According to the new situation that the basic socialist system had been established in China, the congress analyzed the main contradictions in the country at that time and pointed out that the main task of the Party and the people was to concentrate on changing China from a backward agricultural country to an advanced industrial country as soon as possible. After the Eighth Congress of the Communist Party of China, China began comprehensive and large-scale socialist construction.

In 1958, the Second Session of the Eighth Communist Party Congress put forward the general line of "exerting full efforts, striving for upstream, and building socialism in a speedy and economical manner". Then, the "Great Leap Forward" and the People's Commune Movement were launched nationwide. The "Great Leap Forward" and the people's commune movement reflected the people's urgent desire to change the backwardness of our economy, but they were in a hurry to achieve success and ignored the objective economic laws. Coupled with the serious natural disasters at that time, China's national economy experienced serious difficulties from 1959 to 1961.

In order to overcome the difficult situation, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China began to adjust the national economy, proposing the eight-word policy of "adjustment, consolidation, enrichment and improvement", which was implemented in early 1961. By 1965, the task of national economic adjustment was basically completed, and industrial and agricultural production was restored and developed, showing a new outlook of stable prices and prosperous market.

The "Cultural Revolution"

In the mid-1960s, Mao Zedong believed that the Party and the country faced the danger of capitalist restoration. In the summer of 1966, the "Cultural Revolution" was launched in full swing. In the summer of 1966, the Cultural Revolution was launched.

The Central Cultural Revolution Group, composed of Chen Boda, Jiang Qing, Kang Sheng, Zhang Chunqiao and others, became the actual command of the Cultural Revolution. They took advantage of the opportunity to incite "knocking down everything and a full-scale civil war", and there were incidents of fighting, smashing and looting everywhere. Democracy and the legal system were trampled on. The social and productive order was in chaos. State President Liu Shaoqi was slandered as a "traitor, traitor, and worker thief" and was brutally persecuted, becoming the biggest injustice of the Cultural Revolution.

The national turmoil aroused the grave concern and anger of the old revolutionaries. They fought against the perverse practices of Jiang Qing and others, but they were suppressed and suppressed. Under the extremely difficult conditions, Zhou Enlai and many cadres insisted on the daily work of the Party and the state to minimize the damage caused by the Cultural Revolution.

"After the start of the Cultural Revolution, a counter-revolutionary group formed around Lin Biao and plotted to stage a counter-revolutionary coup to seize the highest power. On September 13, 1971, Lin Biao and others fled in a panic and were killed in a plane crash in the Mongolian People's Republic of Wendur Khan, which was known as the "September 13 Incident". Lin Biao's counter-revolutionary group was crushed.

"During the Cultural Revolution, Jiang Qing, Wang Hongwen, Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan and others gradually colluded to carry out conspiracies to usurp the Party and seize power. In September 1976, Mao Zedong passed away and the whole country was in great grief. In October, Hua Guofeng and Ye Jianying, on behalf of the Central Committee, took the decisive step of isolating the Gang of Four and crushing Jiang Qing's counter-revolutionary group in one fell swoop, ending the decade-long "Cultural Revolution. "The Cultural Revolution

"The Cultural Revolution brought the most serious setback to the Party, the country and the people of all nationalities after the founding of New China and caused enormous losses. It was launched for complex socio-historical reasons. The history of socialist countries is very short, and the Party did not have a clear understanding of what socialism is and how to build it, so it took a wrong turn in its exploration. There is no smooth sailing in this world, and the history of the world always advances through ups and downs and twists and turns.

Construction achievements

After the start of comprehensive socialist construction, the Chinese people, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), devoted themselves to the cause of socialist construction with high enthusiasm, struggled hard, overcame many difficulties, and made great achievements.

Industrial production capacity and technology level were greatly improved, and a large number of large and medium-sized projects were built. The two iron and steel bases in Wuhan and Baotou, the Daqing oil field, the Shengli oil field and the Dagang oil field were all built during this period. By 1965, China had achieved full self-sufficiency in crude oil and petroleum products. The industrial layout was significantly improved, the original coastal industrial bases were strengthened, and new modern industries of different scales were built in the vast interior. The emerging electronic industry, atomic energy industry and aerospace industry developed from scratch. In terms of transportation, railroads such as Lan-Xin, Lan-Qing and Baolan were built. The construction of water resources has also made great achievements. China first completed the synthesis of crystalline bovine insulin, which is the leading position in the world. Meanwhile, great progress has been made in cutting-edge national defense technology. China has initially formed an independent and relatively complete industrial system and national economic system, laying a solid material foundation for modernization.

During the hot years of socialist economic construction, a large number of heroic and exemplary figures emerged on all fronts. Wang Jinxi, the "iron man" of Daqing oil workers, Jiao Yulu, a good cadre of the Party, and Lei Feng, a good soldier of the People's Liberation Army, are typical representatives of them.

During the "Cultural Revolution", although China's national economy suffered huge losses, it still made some scientific and technological achievements: in June 1967, China successfully exploded the first hydrogen bomb; in April 1970, China successfully launched the first artificial earth satellite; in 1973, China successfully cultivated for the first time in the world the strong advantage of In 1973, China succeeded for the first time in the world in breeding the strong superiority of hybrid rice. Of course, all these are not the results of the "Cultural Revolution", without which the cause of socialist construction would have achieved much more.（1082words）