Lesson 19 The July 7th Incident and the All-Nation War of Resistance

On the night of July 7, 1937, Japanese troops stationed in the southern suburbs of Beiping demanded to enter Wanping City on the pretext that a soldier had disappeared during a military exercise, but the Chinese defenders sternly refused. The Japanese, who had been prepared, brazenly shelled our defenses. The Chinese defenders at Lugou Bridge and Wanping City fought back. This was the "July 7th Incident", also known as the "Lugouqiao Incident". The July 7 Incident marked the beginning of China's national resistance war.

At the end of July, Beiping and Tianjin fell one after another. The battle to defend Beiping was extremely fierce, and generals Zhao Dengyu and Tong Linge were martyred.

The Second Communist Party Cooperation

After the Japanese invaders launched a full-scale war of aggression against China, the Chinese Communist Party and the Chinese Nationalist Party issued separate statements to protest against the Japanese invasion and

The Communist Party of China and the Kuomintang issued separate statements to protest against the Japanese invasion, state their anti-war stance, and speed up the establishment of the anti-Japanese national united front.

In September 1937, the Central News Agency of the Kuomintang publicly published the declaration of cooperation between the Chinese Communist Party and the Communist Party submitted by the Central Committee of the Kuomintang, and Chiang Kai-shek also issued a statement recognizing the legitimacy of the Chinese Communist Party. the legal status of the CCP. In this way, a national united front led by the Communist Party of China was formally established, and a situation of unity between the Communist Party of China and the Communist Party of China to defend against insults and a nationwide war of resistance began to take shape.

The Battle of Songhu

On August 13, 1937, the Japanese army provoked trouble in Shanghai on the pretext that an officer was killed by Chinese defenders at Shanghai Hongqiao Airport.

The Chinese army fought back and the Battle of Songhu broke out.    

The Japanese army mobilized more than 300,000 troops and attacked Shanghai in turn under the cover of aircraft, tanks and artillery. The Chinese army deployed more than 700,000 troops to repel the Japanese attack time and again. Yao Ziqing led his battalion to defend Baoshan and fought hard against the Japanese for 3 days, and all the battalion's officers and men died heroically. On August 14, the Chinese air force participated in the battle for the first time and shot down 3 Japanese planes, and won the first battle.

In November 1937, Shanghai fell and the Song-Shanghai Battle ended. The Battle of Songhu lasted for 3 months, killing and wounding more than 40,000 Japanese soldiers, breaking the Japanese dream of destroying China in 3 months and inspiring the fighting spirit of the whole nation.

Nanking Massacre

On December 13, 1937, the Japanese army captured Nanking. The National Government moved to Chongqing, making it the wartime capital.

Everywhere the Japanese invaders went, they burned, killed, plundered and did everything they could. After the Japanese occupied Nanking, they carried out bloody massacres against the people of Nanking and committed heinous crimes. Some of the peaceful residents of Nanjing were used as targets for shooting practice, some were used as targets for assassination practice, and some were buried alive. According to the Military Tribunal for the Trial of Japanese War Criminals in Nanjing, China after the war, the Japanese army slaughtered over 300,000 unarmed Chinese residents and soldiers who had laid down their arms within six weeks of occupying Nanking.（594words）