Lesson 3: The Weather of the Tang Dynasty（999words）

Economic prosperity

During the first 100 years of the Tang Dynasty, the economy developed rapidly and the society showed prosperity. In agriculture, the area of reclaimed fields was gradually expanded, agricultural production techniques were continuously improved, and some important production tools were invented and promoted, such as the curved plow and the barrel cart. The Tang dynasty attached great importance to the construction of water conservancy, and many water conservancy projects were built throughout the country.

The handicraft industry of the Tang Dynasty developed to a very high level. There were many kinds of textiles, especially silk weaving, of which Shu brocade was the most colorful and beautifully decorated in the country. Ceramics production level is also very high, Yue kiln of celadon like ice like jade, Xing kiln of white porcelain like snow like silver, the famous Tang Sancai, exquisite shape, bright colors. In addition, the shipbuilding industry, mining and metallurgy, paper making, etc. are quite large.

The Tang Dynasty was a very prosperous business, with well-developed land and water transportation and frequent trade, and some prosperous metropolises emerged. Chang'an, the capital city, was magnificent in scale, symmetrical in layout, spacious and neat in streets, and prosperous in commerce, and was not only the political, economic, and cultural center of China at the time, but also an international metropolis.

Inter-ethnic interaction and intermingling

During the reign of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, Songtsen Gampo, the Tubo emperor, unified the various tribes on the Tibetan Plateau, set up the capital of Logic, and implemented a series of measures to develop production and reform the system. He admired the Chinese culture and sent messengers to the Tang Dynasty several times to propose marriage. Emperor Taizong of Tang agreed to marry Princess Wencheng to him and sent special envoys to escort her on her long journey. When Princess Wencheng entered Tibet, she brought with her grain seeds, herbs, tea, arts and crafts, as well as books on calendars, science and technology. Many handicraftsmen accompanied her, and they built the Little Chao Monastery in Logos and

Songtsen Gampo was also accompanied by many artisans, who built the Small Chobe Monastery in Logos and participated in the construction of the Great Chobe Monastery. Songtsen Gampo sent his noble sons to Chang'an to learn more about the Chinese culture, and asked the Tang dynasty to give him silkworm seeds and to send craftsmen with various professional skills. The Tang-Tibetan reconciliation promoted the economic and social development of Tubo and enhanced the friendly relations between the Chinese and Tibetan communities. This historical story was widely disseminated in various forms, including drama, murals, and folk songs, in both Tibet and China.

During the Tang Dynasty, the intermingling and intermarriage between the Han and some northern minority groups further developed. In the imperial court, many important official positions were held by ethnic minority people. Some minority regimes in the northwest and southwest maintained friendly and close ties with the Tang Dynasty. The enlightened ethnic policy of Emperor Tang Taizong was supported by the neighboring ethnic groups, and the chiefs of the northern and northwestern regions at that time respected Emperor Tang Taizong as the "Heavenly Khan" of all ethnic groups, meaning the common ruler of all ethnic groups.

Open social atmosphere

During the Tang Dynasty, the social atmosphere was relatively open and vibrant, and people showed an enterprising and positive spirit. Some women at that time were educated in poetry and music, and were fond of horseback riding, ball games, tug-of-war, archery and chess games. The social atmosphere at that time was eclectic, and people were mostly influenced by the customs of the minority groups in the northwest in terms of clothing, food, housing and transportation, and the vigorous and heroic martial culture prevailed for a while.

Colorful Literature and Arts

The Tang Dynasty was the golden period of poetry creation in Chinese history. The literati and scholars at that time sang and recited poetry as an important way of social interaction and expressing their feelings. Tang poetry was rich in subject matter and diverse in style, and more than 50,000 poems have been passed down to the world. The poetry world of the Tang dynasty was full of many famous poets, including Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi.

Li Bai's poetry celebrates the beauty of the motherland, expresses the spirit of enterprise, and demonstrates a contempt for power and nobility. Li Bai's poems are full of imagination and infectiousness, and are rich in romantic sentiment. Du Fu lived in a period when the Tang dynasty was in decline, and experienced hardships. His poetry is simple and heavy, and many of his poems reflect the suffering of the people caused by war and political corruption, and express the sadness and poignancy of the people. Because Du Fu's poems reflect the realities of history, he is known as the "History of Poetry," and he is known as the "Saint of Poetry. Bai Juyi's poems confront social reality and reveal the corruption of the rulers and the suffering of the people. His poems were easy to read, easy to understand, and could be sung by women and children, making them very popular.

During the Tang Dynasty, there were many artistic achievements in calligraphy, painting, music, song and dance, grottoes, and carving. The most famous calligraphers of the Tang Dynasty were Yan Zhenqing and Ouyang Xun. Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy was dignified, strong, and majestic; Ouyang Xun's calligraphy was square, steely, and powerful. There were a wide range of subjects and types of paintings in the Tang Dynasty, including figure painting, landscape painting, flower and bird painting, and religious painting. Yan Liben's paintings of figures and stories were of different shapes and forms, and Wu Daozi's paintings were vigorous and spirited. The music and dance of that time absorbed the essence of the surrounding ethnic groups and were colorful, and a number of dancers, singers and instrumentalists with excellent skills emerged.（999words）